What is Cognitive Bias

A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own “subjective reality” from their perception of the input. An individual’s construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world.

First Persian Poem Here!

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غزل شمارهٔ ۵۹۳۳

یک چشم زدن فرقت می تاب نداریم        تا شیشه به بالین نبود خواب نداریم
تا بوسه چند از لب پیمانه نگیریم        چون شیشه خالی به جگر آب نداریم
در روز حریفان دگر باده گسارند         ماییم که می در شب مهتاب نداریم
از حادثه لرزند به خود قصر نشینان         ما خانه بدوشان غم سیلاب نداریم
از نقش تو فانوس خیالی شده هر چشم         چون شمع عجب نیست اگر خواب نداریم
در دایره بی سببی نقطه محویم         هرگز خبر از عالم اسباب نداریم
آیینه ما گرد تعلق نپذیرد         ما چشم به خاکستر سنجاب نداریم
گرگان به سمورند نهان تا به گریبان         ما بی دهنان طالع سنجاب نداریم

Wow Camper Van rental with hippy style XD

I was walking down in Burnaby’s streets and saw a camper van like this 👇

It gave me such a good and weird vibe.
here’s the link.

Steps to Analysis the problems of a firm

Define the central issue

Define the firm’s goals

Identify the constraints to the problem

Identify all the relevant alternatives

Select the best alternative

Develop an implementation plan

What is the Dunning-Kruger Effect?

The Dunning-Kruger effect occurs when a person’s lack of knowledge and skill in a certain area causes them to overestimate their own competence. By contrast, this effect also drives those who excel in a given area to think the task is simple for everyone, leading them to underestimate their abilities. In the years following the first description of this phenomenon, controversy has surrounded the Dunning-Kruger effect and its validity. While it was once considered a well-founded explanation of how we evaluate our abilities, the effect has since been questioned by certain data scientists and mathematicians alike. 

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Market research source for Canada

Are you in Canada and you want some source for market research?
here you go:

Worth Noting
Your library may have access to various online databases that can assist with research projects. Examples of these databases are Business Source Complete, CBCA Business, Canadian Newsstand, Conference Board of Canada, Factiva, LexisNexis Academic, Mergent Online, Proquest, Scott’s Canadian Business Directory, and ThompsonOne.


3 Types of Marketing Research Designs (Exploratory, Descriptive, Causal)

There are 3 types of marketing research designs, and they are: exploratory, descriptive, and casual.

Exploratory research is used in obtaining preliminary information that will help identify the problem and hypothesis. It is done to understand what is happening and why something is happening. Some of the most common methods of exploratory research are focus groups, interviews, literature research (library, newspaper, magazines, trade publication and online), and case analyses. Group interaction interview is the difference between a 1-person interview. Individuals in a focus group should match the target market or audience that the client desires to get insight from.

Descriptive research is used to identify the marketing problem and/or the potential for a market. This type of research is used to identify the characteristics of the target group or the average user of the product or service. Descriptive research will allow us to make specific predictions and notice a correlation among variables.  There are 2 types of descriptive studies, and they are: cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study. A cross-sectional study involves a sample of the market population at a certain point in time. A longitudinal study involves a panel or fixed sample of element at a certain point in time. An example of a longitudinal study would involve the manufacturer, distributor, individual sores, and consumers. Any one of these elements can be replaced with another. In other words, the distributor can be of new management or the department store can a competitor.

In a longitudinal study, there are 2 types of panels, and they are: continuous panels and discontinuous panels. In most scenario, panels members are compensated in one fashion or another for their efforts. In a continuous panel, the study relies on a fixed sample of respondents who are measured repeatedly over time under the same conditions. In a discontinuous panel, the study relies on a fixed sample of respondents who are measured under various conditions over time.

Casual research is marketing research done to test a hypothesis; the cause and effect of a hypothesis. For example, causal research may be used in a business setting to quantify the effect that a change will have on its current operations, and what it will have on future production levels to assist in the business planning process.

Source:
https://wmbamarketing.wordpress.com/2016/04/08/3-types-of-marketing-research-designs-exploratory-descriptivecausal/#:~:text=There%20are%203%20types%20of,and%20why%20something%20is%20happening.

Fundamentals of glycogen metabolism for coaches and athletes

Abstract

The ability of athletes to train day after day depends in large part on adequate restoration of muscle glycogen stores, a process that requires the consumption of sufficient dietary carbohydrates and ample time. Providing effective guidance to athletes and others wishing to enhance training adaptations and improve performance requires an understanding of the normal variations in muscle glycogen content in response to training and diet; the time required for adequate restoration of glycogen stores; the influence of the amount, type, and timing of carbohydrate intake on glycogen resynthesis; and the impact of other nutrients on glycogenesis. This review highlights the practical implications of the latest research related to glycogen metabolism in physically active individuals to help sports dietitians, coaches, personal trainers, and other sports health professionals gain a fundamental understanding of glycogen metabolism, as well as related practical applications for enhancing training adaptations and preparing for competition.

Keywords: dietary carbohydrates, exercise recovery, muscle glycogen, sports nutrition

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Regulation of Muscle Glycogen Repletion, Muscle Protein Synthesis and Repair Following Exercise

Abstract

Recovery from prolonged strenuous exercise requires that depleted fuel stores be replenished, that damaged tissue be repaired and that training adaptations be initiated. Critical to these processes are the type, amount and timing of nutrient intake. Muscle glycogen is an essential fuel for intense exercise, whether the exercise is of an aerobic or anaerobic nature. Glycogen synthesis is a relatively slow process, and therefore the restoration of muscle glycogen requires special considerations when there is limited time between training sessions or competition. To maximize the rate of muscle glycogen synthesis it is important to consume a carbohydrate supplement immediately post exercise, to continue to supplement at frequent intervals and to consume approximately 1.2 g carbohydrate·kg-1 body wt·h-1. Maximizing glycogen synthesis with less frequent supplementation and less carbohydrate can be achieved with the addition of protein to the carbohydrate supplement. This will also promote protein synthesis and reduce protein degradation, thus having the added benefit of stimulating muscle tissue repair and adaptation. Moreover, recent research suggests that consuming a carbohydrate/protein supplement post exercise will have a more positive influence on subsequent exercise performance than a carbohydrate supplement.

Key Points

  • For rapid recovery from prolonged exercise, it is important to replenish muscle glycogen stores and initiate muscle tissue repair and adaptation.
  • To maximize muscle glycogen replenishment, it is important to consume a carbohydrate supplement as soon after exercise as possible.
  • Consume the carbohydrate frequently, such as every 30 minutes, and provide about 1.2 to 1.5 g of carbohydrate·kg-1 body wt·h-1.
  • Efficiency of muscle glycogen storage can be increased significantly with the addition of protein to a carbohydrate supplement (~4 to 1 carbohydrate to protein ratio).
  • The addition of protein to a carbohydrate supplement also has the added advantage of limiting post exercise muscle damage and promoting muscle protein accretion.

Key Words: Carbohydrate, nutrients, insulin, glucose, amino acids

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The Decoy Effect

he Decoy Effect is the phenomenon whereby adding a third pricing option makes the consumer change their preference towards an option the seller is trying to promote. The “decoy” is priced to make one of the other options much more attractive.


It’s also called “asymmetric dominance effect”.


This is what you usually experience when you buy popcorn at the cinema or latte at Starbucks. The price difference between Medium and Large sizes is so little that you’d automatically opt-in for the larger option, unless you’re choosing the Small one for a specific reason (e.g. you like your coffee less milky)

decoy effect in ux

The Decoy Effect is a cognitive bias that’s often used when working on a pricing strategy, but also in politics, finance, insurance and pension plans, PR, and other areas. It almost always works, but the catch is – can you execute it smart enough so it attracts customers and still pushes your economics north.

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